Grade beams are typically formed how, according to standard practice?

• A. Usually formed but may be cast in a neat trench without formwork
• B. Cast only with full formwork on site
• C. Welded from steel members
• D. Cast in place without any forms

Answer: (A)

Grade beams are reinforced concrete elements poured in place to transfer loads from the structure to the footing system. In standard practice they’re formed on site with temporary forms to shape and support the concrete as it cures. If the trench excavated to the correct dimensions has true, vertical sides, that trench can itself act as the form, so the beam can be cast directly in the trench without extra formwork. This combination—either traditional formwork or using a trench as the form—fits common field methods. Welding steel members isn’t how grade beams are built, since they’re concrete, not welded steel; and casting without any forms would leave the concrete without proper shape and confinement during curing.